Process of making lard substitute.



.1. G. CHISHOLM.

' PROCESS OF MAKING LABD SUBSTITUTE.

APPLICATION FILED 001. 8, 1912.

Patented Oct. 27, 1914.

i7 a m X Je tonne eras JIEBME C. CHISHOLM, U13 DALLAS, T, ASEHGNOZEL T THE CHISHtJWl PROGESE-l OIL mil-"1151116? COMPANY, OF DALLAS, TEHKAE, A CORPORATION OF? PH/OCESB 0F MAIHNGI- LA S'UBElTl'lUll'iE.

Bpcolflcatlon of Letters Patent.

Patented @ct. it'l lltllld.

Application filed October 8, 1912. Serial 1H0. mtfitll.

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, J ESSE C. Cmsrronm, a citizen of the United States, residing at Dallas, in the county of Dallas and State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Processes of Makin Lard Substitute, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to processes of producing culinary fats and has particular reference to a new and useful process of producing a lard substitute from cotton seed oil.

I have discovered that a lard like fatty composition suitable for use as a culinary fat can be produced from cotton seed oil by subjecting it to the action of a catalytic agent, preferably nickel or palladium or an alloy thereof in the form of wire or wire coatings, in the presence of hydrogen.

In the practice of my process I may advantageously employ t e apparatus shown in the accompan ing drawing forming a part of this specification wherein- Figure 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view thereof, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view through the central or revolving portion of the apparatus, taken at right angles to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a view similar to F ig. 2 but showing a modified form of apparatus, and, Fig. 4 is a crosssectional view taken at right angles to Fig. 3.

In the drawings 1 designates a closed 0 lindrical chamber or casing, preferab y mounted upon suitable fixed supports 2 and provided with a pressure gage 3, a gas outlet 4 which may be set to discharge the gas at any'desired pressure, a gage 5 to indicate the height of the liquid contents of the chamber 1, and a valve outlet for the finished product. Centrally and rotatably mounted within the chamber or casing 1 is a catalyzing element 7, preferably consisting of a spool-like support 8 containing strands of wire formed of or coated with a catalytic agent or an alloy thereof, the strands of the wirebeing spirally wound layer upon layer from the center outwardly, the wound muse unpolished electrolytic deposit of nickel thereon, although I may employ as a catalyzing agent, wire of nickel, palladium or other suitable catalyzing material which has been roughened and which is unpolished, or copper or other metallicwiro coated with an unpolished film or coating or with a film or coating. of an alloy of a catalyzing material, or the wire may have permanently deposited thereon the catalyzing agent as a finely divided powder or i may employ the catalya ing agent in the form of a finely divided powder permanently deposited upon a metallic wire coatedor covered with the catalyzing element.

Within the spirally wound wire is a corn tral chamber 10 with which there is rigidly connected at one side thereof an inlet pipe 11 to provide hydrogen gas from a suitable source of supply. To the other side of the chamber 10 is rigidly connected a pipe 12 which is in communication with an oil tank 13 adapted to contain the cotton seed oil to be treated. Pipes l1 and 12 are rotatably mounted within bearings 14: secured, as shown,.upon opposite sides of the chamber or casing 1 and the ipe 12 is provided with a pulley 14' ada tell to be driven by a suitable belt (not 5 own) connected with any desired source of power. Tight packing joints 15 are employed to connect the revoluble portions of pipes 11 and 12 with the fixed or rigid portions thereofi Outside of the bearings 14 I provide suitable stufling boxes to insure a gas tight closure around the pipes 11 and 12.

Instead of em loying the wire constitut' ing or coated wit the catalytic agent in the form of strands, I may employ woven wire in the form of wire gauze, fine-mesh wire screen, or the like, as shown more particularly in Figs. 3' and 4.

While the proportions of the parts illustrated may be widely varied, satisfactoryresults may be obtained by forming the outer chamber or casing 1, three feet-six inches in diameter and six inches thick with inlets at opposite sides thereof of one-half inch. The catalytic agent 7 may advantageously have a diameter of twenty-three inches and a thickness of five and threefourths inches, the inner chamber 10 being approximately three inches in diameter.

he catalyzing element is revolved in a direction to throw the liquid and gaseous contents of the charnloer lll ontwardlly along the lines oi: the spirally wounrl Wire so that in the rotation at the elenient l the naisture of cotton seecl oil which enters through the pipe 12, preferably through spray-nozzle ll ancl. hydrogen gas which enters through the pipes ll, is torcetlgraolually ontrrartl hy centrifugal action or lay pressure, is

brought intimately in contact with the Wires oil the catalytic agent,

ll rnay advantageouslyintrorlucs the hyrlroeen gas and oil uncler pressure, anti 1 prererchly ernploy the oil a temperature la the use ct apparatus, the cotton sec. oil is placerl in the tanh it antl is sprayerl into the chamber it at a temperal60. Hydrogen gas either in the form of hydrogen gas alone or with other A s in "Water or, producer gas, preferably lioncl protlucer gas, is forced into the chaniloer ll) through the pipe ll anrl is thcroughly iniseol with the oil in the chamher ill. The catalytic element 7 is rotated rapiclly in a direction to force the oil antl hyrlrogen spirally outward. along the lines of the Wire formin or coatel With, the catalytic agent ancl in this contact the cotton seerl oil unrlergoes a chemical change, herehy its consistency is increased, a lard-like composition resulting from" the change which talres place. This larrl-lilre composition collects in the lower portion of the charnher or casing 1 anti may he drawn otf ancl coolerl, after which it is rea ly for the rnarhet,

,lhe consistency o l the finishen prorluct clepenrls upon the length oil treatment, the more slowly the revolution of the catalytic element, the more solicl will he the finished product From the foregoing it will he evident that l have provitlecl a continuous process for proclucing a larcl-lilre fatty composition from cotton seetl oil'andl that in the practice of my process, it am ahle to reduce a fatty composition having any desired consistency, lay regulating the rapidity of rotation oi the catal ic element.

' iile l have dlescrihedl. the preterrefl practice of my process, it will he ev'irilent that such practice may he variously modiliecl Without departing from the s irit oi the invention or the ace s ol the su joinccl claim-est Haring thus alescriloecl my invention, it claina:-

l. The herein clescrihed process of re- (lacing larrl suhstitute front oils, ich consists in causing the oil to travel in engagement With a Wire the presence hycl M n, no a oil.

3. The herein rlescrihetl process of hyrlro genating material, which consists in causing the fatty material. to travel by centrii ugal force outwarnly through curv'ecl passages having catalytic agent Walls, in

the presence of hydrogen so that the catalytic agent offers frictional resistance to the fatty material for a protracted period.

t. The'herein ilescriherl process of hydrogenating fatty material, which consists in causing the fatty material to travel in a lilni loy centrifugal force over a spiral catalytic elemenhin the presence of hydrogen so that the spiral catalytic element otters frictional resistance to the fatty material.

5. The herein rl escrihecl process of hyrlrcgenating fatty material, which consists in causing the fatty material to travel spirally hy centrifugal force in engagement with a catalytic agent, in the presence of hyclrogen.

6. The herein olescrihecl process of hyflrogeriating fatty material, which consists in subjecting the fatty material While traveling outwardily loy centrifugal tor-cc through longitudinally curvecl passages, to the action of hyclrogen, in the presence of a catclie agent.

7. The herein rlescrihedl-process of hyrhogeriating fatty ma wrial, which consists in causing the fatty material to travel in a film by centrifugal force over a catalytic ele ment eml'ooeying longitudinally curretl contiguons strips, in the presence of hydrogen, so that the catalytic element ernhodlying the contiguous strips otters frictional resistance to the fatty material.

8. lhe herein (lescrihed process at hyclrogenating fatty material, which consists in causing the fatty material to travel out- Warclly lay centrifugal force in substantially horizontal longiturlinally curred paths, in the presence at a catalytic agent anal hyzlro' g ln testimony whereof I rny presence of two JESE (ll. cnrsncnn;

l-llrsnnnnn,

Laurent Herman Wil 

